Sarah analyses Russia’s diverse set of ASAT capabilities in her article.

Abstract
The Russian Federation’s Nudol ground-based anti-satellite system is part of a larger effort to modernize military space capabilities, with implications for the development of missile defence systems. Aerospace defence
and the role of space in warfare, topics frequently discussed by the Soviet military, have resurfaced as key
focuses following the growth of perceived external threats and on the basis of internal assessments. Nudol’s
connections to Soviet systems, expertise, and organizations reflect Russia’s preexisting capacity for military
space development, but are also an indication of economic and technological challenges. The capabilities
and limitations of Nudol, alongside Russian military commentary on aerospace defence, suggest that the
system may serve as an element of a multi-tier system of missile defence, as a negotiating tool, as a symbol
of prestige, and as a deterrent.

Please find the article HERE